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71.
Objectives
To identify temporal trends in muscular fitness of English children using allometric scaling for height and weight to adjust for the influence of body size.Design
Repeated cross-sectional study.Methods
We measured; height, weight, standing broad-jump, handgrip, sit-ups and bent-arm hang in 10-year-old boys and girls from Chelmsford, England in: 2014 (n = 306), 2008 (n = 304) and 1998 (n = 310). Physical activity was (PAQ-C) was assessed in 2008 and 2014. Muscular fitness was allometrically scaled for height and weight. We assessed temporal trends using General Linear Models (fixed factors: wave and sex) and reported effect sizes using partial eta squared (ηP2). We compared percentage change per year 1998–2008 with 2008–2014.Results
Ten-year-olds in 2014 were taller and heavier than in 2008 and 1998 but there were no differences in BMI. Compared with 2008, physical activity was lower in boys (ηP2 = 0.012) and girls (ηP2 = 0.27) assessed in 2014. There were significant main effects of wave for handgrip (ηP2 = 0.060), sit-ups (ηP2 = 0.120) and bent-arm hang (ηP2 = 0.204). Pairwise comparisons showed muscular fitness of both sexes was significantly lower in 2014 than in 1998. From 2008 to 2014 percent change per year in handgrip (1.6%) and sit-ups (3.9%) were greater than for the preceding decade (handgrip 0.6%, sit-ups 2.6%).Conclusions
Downward temporal trends in muscular fitness appear independent of secular changes in body size. We found a decrease in self-reported physical activity concurrent with the accelerated declines in fitness from 2008 to 2014. These findings suggest the declines in children are not engaging in physical activities which support development of muscular fitness. 相似文献72.
目的探讨多层螺旋CT(MDCT)三期增强扫描在肾盂癌和肾癌鉴别诊断中的价值,以期提高术前诊断的准确性。方法回顾性分析经病理证实的11例[男9例,女2例;平均年龄(70.2±11.7)岁]肾盂癌及26例[男21例,女5例;平均年龄(67.3±11.7)岁]肾癌,所有病人术前均行64层螺旋CT平扫及三期增强扫描。分析病人的CT表现,测量并计算病人各期肿瘤/皮质CT比值及肿瘤-皮质CT差值,并采用独立样本t检验比较2组间各期CT参数值的差异。结果肾盂癌病人动脉期及实质期的肿瘤/皮质CT比值均低于肾癌病人(均P0.05),2组病人平扫及排泄期的肿瘤/皮质CT比值差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05)。肾盂癌病人实质期的肿瘤-皮质CT差值低于肾癌病人(P0.05),而2组病人平扫、动脉期及排泄期的肿瘤-皮质CT差值差异无统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论肾盂癌及肾癌的三期增强扫描CT参数存在明显差异。肿瘤/皮质CT比值对两者具有更好的鉴别诊断能力。 相似文献
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Aortopulmonary window (APW) is a rare congenital heart anomaly. A total of 8 cases with APW confirmed by echocardiography and surgery were retrospectively reviewed and the echocardiographic features analyzed. Among the 8 APW cases, 5 were type II and 3 were type III, the latter of which includes 2 cases complicated with Berry syndrome. Prenatal echocardiography can provide accurate information for the diagnosis of fetal APW. The prognosis depends on the timing of surgery and the nature of the associated cardiac anomalies. 相似文献
75.
Heather R. Nolan Juan Gurria Jose L. Peiro Sammy Tabbah Ramiro Diaz-Primera William Polzin Mounira Habli Foong-Yen Lim 《Journal of pediatric surgery》2019,54(6):1153-1158
PurposeCongenital high airway obstruction syndrome (CHAOS) is a devastating fetal condition of complete airway discontinuity resulting in significant hydrops and extreme lung hyperplasia. It is universally fatal with survival reported only in the rare spontaneous fistulization or EXIT intervention (Ex Utero Intrapartum Treatment). Even in these cases, mortality remains high, and current investigations are targeting prenatal interventions. This report describes our experience with management and fetal interventions for CHAOS, including laser laryngotomy.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed all patients diagnosed with CHAOS at a single academic institution between 2006 and 2017.ResultsFifteen patients were identified. Eight had obstruction at the trachea and seven at the larynx. In the laryngeal obstructions, three expired shortly after birth, and one survived after spontaneous fistulization and subsequent EXIT to tracheostomy. The remaining three underwent in-utero treatment with laser laryngotomy. One had preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), delivered 3 days post-operatively, and died. Two underwent EXIT to tracheostomy with one surviving to discharge and is currently 2 years old.ConclusionOur study demonstrates the outcomes of a large series of patients diagnosed with CHAOS. While mortality remains high, options for fetal intervention are being explored to allow alterations in the prenatal natural history and improve postnatal outcomes.Type of StudyRetrospective Treatment Study.Level of EvidenceLevel IV. 相似文献
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